An ICD is a small, battery-powered device - roughly the size of a matchbox - implanted just beneath the skin, typically below the left collarbone. It is connected to your heart by one or more thin wires called leads. The device monitors every single heartbeat. If it detects a dangerous rhythm - such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) - it can deliver a shock to restore a normal rhythm within seconds.
Most ICDs also function as pacemakers, so they can treat both slow and fast abnormal rhythms. Modern devices are small, highly sophisticated, and increasingly compatible with MRI scanners.
An ICD is recommended for people who are at significant risk of a life-threatening heart rhythm. This includes:
Not everyone with these conditions will need an ICD. Dr. Kaba carries out a thorough individual assessment, taking into account your heart function, your symptoms, your lifestyle, and your personal preferences before making any recommendation.
One lead is placed in the right ventricle, the main pumping chamber. This is the most straightforward type and is suitable for many patients.
Two leads are used. One in the right atrium and one in the right ventricle. This helps the device distinguish between different types of abnormal rhythm, which lowers the chance of an unnecessary shock.
The S-ICD does not have any leads inside the heart at all. Instead, a single lead is placed just under the skin along the breastbone. This is an excellent option for younger patients or those at higher risk of lead-related complications, as it avoids placing anything inside the heart's blood vessels.
Some people with heart failure also have a problem with the timing of their heartbeat. For these patients, a device that both re-coordinates the heart's pumping and protects against dangerous rhythms may be the right choice.
The ICD implant is typically carried out as a planned procedure under local anaesthetic with sedation. You will be comfortable and relaxed throughout.
Dr. Kaba makes a small incision just below the collarbone and guides the lead or leads through a vein into the correct position inside the heart, using real-time X-ray guidance.
The device is then connected to the leads and placed in a small pocket beneath the skin. The incision is closed with dissolvable stitches and protective skin glue.
The procedure usually takes between one and two hours. Most patients stay in hospital overnight for monitoring, though same-day discharge is possible in selected cases.
Before you leave, Dr. Kaba will confirm the device is working correctly and programme it to your specific needs.
Many ICD patients never receive a shock from their device. If you do, the experience varies. Some people describe it as a brief, forceful thump to the chest; others are unaware of it entirely. If you receive a shock and feel unwell, or receive multiple shocks, call 999. If you feel well after a single shock, contact Dr. Kaba's team at the earliest opportunity.
DVLA rules for ICD patients depend on your individual circumstances. As a general guide, most patients are advised not to drive for at least six months after an ICD implanted for secondary prevention (following a cardiac arrest). For primary prevention implants, a shorter period may apply. Dr. Kaba will give you personalised DVLA guidance before you leave hospital.
The majority of patients with an ICD can exercise and remain physically active. High-impact contact sports are generally not recommended. Dr. Kaba will advise you individually based on your underlying condition and your lifestyle.
Most modern ICDs are MRI-conditional, meaning an MRI can be performed safely under specific conditions. Dr. Kaba will implant an MRI-compatible device wherever possible and provide you with a device card to show to other medical teams.
Modern ICDs are well protected. Interference from everyday household appliances is not a concern. You should maintain a distance of at least 15cm between the device and mobile phones when in use, and avoid close proximity to industrial welding equipment or large magnets. Airport security scanners are safe, but you can show your device card and ask to be hand-searched if preferred.
Your ICD will be checked regularly, either in clinic or through a home monitoring system that transmits data wirelessly to Dr. Kaba's team. This allows early detection of any changes - such as a shift in your heart rhythm or the battery level - without needing to come in unless necessary.
After the implant, you will have a small wound below your collarbone that takes around two weeks to heal. Keep it clean and dry, and watch for signs of infection such as redness, swelling, discharge, or fever. Contact the team promptly if you notice any of these.
The most important restriction in the first four to six weeks is arm movement on the side of the implant. Avoid raising your arm above shoulder height or making wide sweeping movements, as this can dislodge the lead before it has had time to settle. After this period, most people return to all normal activities without restriction
The ICD implant is a well-established procedure with a strong safety record. Complications occur in a minority of patients and include:
Dr. Kaba will go through all of these risks with you in detail at your consultation.
Experiences vary widely. Some patients describe it as a sudden, strong thump to the chest. Others - particularly those who are unconscious when it occurs - feel nothing at all. Many ICD patients never receive a shock throughout the life of their device.
Battery life varies depending on how often the device is used, but most ICD batteries last between seven and ten years. When the battery runs low, Dr. Kaba will replace the generator in a straightforward procedure that does not usually require the leads to be changed.
Yes, though removal is usually more complex than the original implant - particularly after the leads have been in place for some time. Removal is considered if there is infection or if the device is no longer needed.
For most patients, yes. Regular moderate exercise is encouraged and good for your heart health. Dr. Kaba will advise you on any specific restrictions based on your underlying condition.
An ICD is implanted to protect you, not to treat an active emergency. Many people live full, active lives with an ICD for decades. Having one means your heart health is being taken seriously and you have the best possible protection.
Inappropriate shocks are uncomfortable and understandably distressing. If this happens, contact Dr. Kaba's team. In most cases, the device can be reprogrammed to prevent it from happening again.
Why Dr Kaba
An ICD implant is one of the most significant decisions in cardiac care. Dr. Kaba takes the time needed to make sure you are fully informed before proceeding — and follows you closely throughout the lifetime of your device.
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